On September 27 2013, a meeting took place in Madrid with experts on Iran, representatives of the Spanish Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense, Mohammad Ali Shabani (Iranian researcher at SOAS in London) and Roberto Toscano (former Italian Ambassador to Iran and currently research associate at CIDOB). The meeting was organised at the headquarters of CITpax in collaboration with the LSE and with the support of the Spanish MFA and the city of Barcelona.